Title, Authors, Addresses
The title of the paper should be specific, concise and relevant. It should be typed in Times New Roman Bold, 16 points, all capital letters and centered. The name of Authors should be typed under the Title in Times New Roman, Italic, 14 points, centered. The addresses should be typed under the Authors’ Names in Times New Roman, 12 points, centered, specifying Department, Institute/Company, Town, Country and E-Mail address for each Author. Title, authors and keywords must correspond to those indicated during the abstract submission. Any change that cannot be autonomously implemented into the conference management system, must be communicated to the review Chairman.
Abstract
The abstract has to start on page 1 and it has to be typed in Bold, 12 points. It should be an objective and coincise representation of the paper and should not exceed 150 words.
Keywords
Select three to six keywords and insert them after the abstract. Keywords should be comma-separated. They must clearly point out the main topics dealt with the paper.
Typescript
The text will come next, starting from page 1, under the abstract. Each paragraph should have a 3-space indention. Text should be typed with single line spacing. When Word Processor letter-quality is used, a 12 pts Bold and exact spacing between lines of 13 pts are suggested (nothing smaller is acceptable); it is highly recommended to use the available templates.
Headings
Section headings should be typed bold-face, in capital letters, flush with the left-hand margin. Section subheadings should be typed bold-face, typed flush with the left-hand margin, and only the first letter of each major word has to be capitalized. Section sub-sub headings should be typed in Italic, underlined, typed flush with the left-hand margin, and only the first letter of each major word has to be capitalized. Do not leave any space between the headings and the following text but leave a single spacing above each heading, sub-heading and sub-sub heading.
Paper ID
The paper ID (your paper identification number) received by e-mail should be pasted in the first page header, in the top left table cell. The paper ID is in the format ETCYYYY-XXX, where YYYY is the year of the conference, XXX is the 3-digit format of your paper Identification number (i.e. 055 for paper ID 55). The Paper ID should be formatted top left aligned, font Arial, 8 pts size.
If you don’t remember your paper ID, you can find it on the platform at https://www.conftool.com/etc15/

Footnotes
Footnotes should be avoided. When necessary they should be indicated with consecutive numbers, and inserted on the bottom of the page in the order of quotation. A black line should be drawn to separate the footnotes from text. A single line-space should be left between text and footnote line.
Equations
Equations should be typed flush with the left-hand margin and numbered consecutively. Numbers should be enclosed in brackets on the right. Leave single spacing above and below equations.
Illustrations and tables
Illustrations and drawings must be inserted in the body of the text and must be individually captioned. Illustrations have to be sharp and clear. The use of colors is allowed. Leave a single spacing above and below illustrations and tables. The caption should be typed in Times New Roman Bold, 12 points. It is recommended to use a minimum resolution of 200 dots per inch and maximum 300 dots per inch for bitmap illustrations. Illustrations should have the layout in line with the text (right click on the object – Format object – Layout – in line with the text).
Photos
Each paper can contain colored photos. Please take into account that the overall size of the manuscript should not exceed 20 MBytes. It is recommended to use a resolution of minimum 200 dots per inch and maximum 300 dots per inch for photos. Photos should have the layout in line with the text (right click on the object – Format object – Layout – in line with the text).
Captions
All illustrations, photos, and tables must be numbered progressively in bold decimals (e.g. Figure 1, Table 1) and have a reference in the text (e.g. Fig. 1, Tab. 1). Captions should be as clear as possible, to allow comprehension of the illustration without reference to the text.
Units and symbols
The use of SI units is required.
Symbols used in equations should be explained in the List of Symbols.
References
Referenced should be cited in the text by giving the last name of the author(s) and the year of publication. Use either forms: “Recent work (Smith and Jones, 1985)…” or “Recently Smith and Jones (1985)…” With three or more names, use the form “Smith et al. (1985)” in the text. When two or more references would have the same text identification, distinguish them by appending “a,” “b,” etc., to the year of publication.
Journal references should include: each author’s name and initials, year of publication between brackets, the title of the article (where applicable-preferably italic), abbreviated journal title, volume number and page numbers.
References to books should include: each author’s name and initials, year of publication in brackets, name of book and editor, place of publication.
References to multi-author works should include: each author’s name and initials, year of publication in brackets, the title of the chapter (where applicable- preferably italic); “In”: followed by the name of the book, initials and surname(s) of the editor(s) in brackets, volume and page number and place of publication.
References should appear as in the Paper Template.
For Latex use Harvard Style see this example
Acknowledgments
Any acknowledgment should be added at the very end of the paper, in a dedicated section.
Permissions
Authors are fully responsible for their manuscripts. They must undertake the required steps to obtain the permission for using any material that might be protected by copyright.