Rotor tip stall from a designer’s perspective

Authors

Andrea Schneider - Ansaldo Sviluppo Energia, Ansaldo Energia Group
Andrea Silingardi - Ansaldo Sviluppo Energia, Ansaldo Energia Group
Pio Astrua - Ansaldo Sviluppo Energia, Ansaldo Energia Group
Enrico Puppo - Ansaldo Sviluppo Energia, Ansaldo Energia Group
Savino Depalo - Ansaldo Sviluppo Energia, Ansaldo Energia Group

Abstract

The operating range of a compressor is the most critical aspect to consider when dealing with new designs. Two distinct routes to compressor stall are known in literature: modal-stall that occurs near the peak of the overall characteristic and spike-stall that initiates on the negatively-sloped part of the characteristic curve. Modal type stall can be taken into account from the very beginning during the design process. The basic mechanisms that drive the phenomena are essentially 2D in nature and there are well-established and experimentally validated design criteria available. Unfortunately this statement no longer applies when dealing with spike-type stall. This short length-scale instability is related to a three-dimensional breakdown of the flow that appears at rotor tip. Since when firstly observed, much effort has been expended trying to understand the flow features underlying this abrupt stall. Nevertheless, a well-established and validated design criterion is still missing. This paper deals with the topic from a designer’s perspective. A discussion which tries to highlight the design variables affecting the spike-stall is presented in the first part of the paper. Then CFD results on core stages of an heavy-duty axial compressor are discussed. The aim is to derive useful considerations for the designer work and discuss which design actions are more effective to successfully complete a spike-stall safe design.